Memory & Attention
"There is no new learning without some form of memory and some form of attention," Dr. Tracey Tokuhama-Espinosa (2018)
Working Memory
"Working memory refers to the system or systems that are assumed to be necessary in order to keep things in mind while performing complex tasks such as reasoning, comprehension and learning" (Baddeley, 2010)
Short term memory "reflects faculties of the human mind that can hold a limited amount of information in a very accessible state temporarily"
(Cowan, 2008)
Short-term Memory
Long-term memory has a larger capacity than short-term memory (Cowan, 2008)
"..neuroimaging studies of short-term or working memory tasks also tend to activate areas associated with long-term memory" (Baddeley, 2010)
Long-term Memory
Memory
Articles
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Young, J. (2020). Want to learn more effectively? Take more breaks, research suggests. EdSurge.
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Karpicke, J. D. (2016). A powerful way to improve learning and memory. American Psychological Association.
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Vogel, S., Schwabe, L. (2016). Learning and memory under stress: implications for the classroom. NPJ: Science Learn 1, 16011
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Paas, F., & Ayres, P. (2014). Cognitive load theory: A broader view on the role of memory in learning and education. Educational Psychology Review, 26(2), 191-195. Available through institutional libraries.
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Cowan, N. (2014). Working memory underpins cognitive development, learning, and education. Educational Psychology Review, 26(2), 197-223.
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Baddley, A. (2010). Working memory. Current Biology, 20(4), R136-140.
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Cowan, N. (2008). What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory? Progress in brain research, 169, 323-338.
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Baddeley, A. (1992). Working memory. Science 255(5044), 556-559. doi:10.1126/science.1736359
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Baddeley, A., Papagno, C., & Vallar, G. (1988). When long-term learning depends on short-term storage. Journal of Memory and Language, 27(5), 586-595.
Books
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Gathercole, S., & Alloway, T. P. (2008). Working memory and learning: A practical guide for teachers. Sage.
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Gluck, M. A., Mercado, E., & Myers, C. E. (2016). Learning and memory. Worth Publishers.
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Miller, M. (2014). Minds online, Harvard University Press.
Resources
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How Memory Works
(Video by Antonio Damasio, Big Think) -
Storage Strength vs. Retrieval Strength
(Video by Robert Bjork, GoCognitive)
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Greshko, M. (2019). Human memory: How we make, remember, and forget memories. National Geographic.
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Learning and Memory
(UC Davis Center for Neuroscience) -
Decorative Neuroscience
(Dr. Michelle Miller)